Wibbly Wobbly, Timey Wimey – What's Really Inside Apple's U1 Chip

Presented at Black Hat USA 2021, Aug. 4, 2021, 10:20 a.m. (40 minutes).

Apple introduced an Ultra Wideband (UWB) chip in the iPhone 11. Its cryptographically secured spatial measurement capabilities are accessible via the Nearby Interaction framework since iOS 14. As of now, it only supports interaction with other Apple devices including the latest Apple Watch and HomePod mini. These are the first steps to support UWB in a larger ecosystem, as measuring precise distance and direction can be an enabler for various future applications. The automotive industry already announced UWB support for mobile car keys on the iPhone.

But what's really inside Apple's U1 chip, internally called Rose? In this talk, we will travel through time, space, firmware, and kernel components—and fight daemons to modify firmware interaction from user space. This will not only cover one or two, but three firmwares that process or forward each Rose time measurement: The Rose Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Rose Application Processor (AP), and the Always-On Processor (AOP).


Presenters:

  • Jiska Classen - Dr.-Ing., TU Darmstadt, SEEMOO
    Jiska breaks things.
  • Alexander Heinrich - N/A, TU Darmstadt, SEEMOO
    Alex enjoys reversing wireless technologies of Apple's hardware to find bugs, discover magic tricks and explain them to the public.

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