Stefano Ortolani is Threat Research Lead at VMware, formerly Director of Threat Research at Lastline, where he joined in 2015 as a security researcher. He spends his time researching bespoke approaches to investigate and classify cyber tradecraft, and making sure none are left uncharted. Contributor to product development, he is also a regular speaker at technical conferences. Prior to that he was part of the Global Research and Analysis Team at Kaspersky Lab, in charge of fostering operations with CERTs, governments, universities, and law enforcement agencies, as well as conducting research of the global threat landscape. He received his PhD in computer science from VU University Amsterdam.