Hackers have always had philosophies and justifications for their actions, going back to the original hacker ethic and hacker manifesto of the 80s. As technology change democratized global access to the Internet, the drivers for hacking began to include religious, political, and nationalist ideals. These interests led to differences in target selection and attack methods in order to further individual or nation-state interests. This presentation will explore the use of hacking and cyberattacks for both nation-state and non-nation-state backed hacks using empirical data in order to illustrate the ways that these hacks operate and differ from traditional economic or challenge-based motivations. In particular, this talk will explore the factors associated with web defacements affecting US-based IP addresses over a five year period. Additionally, this presentation will examine attacks identified in the Extremist CyberCrime Database (ECCD), an open-source repository of cyberattacks performed since 1998. The differences in attacks stemming from racial and ethnically motivated (REM) hackers, as well as environmental and animal-focused ideologies, jihadists, and other beliefs will also be examined. Finally, this presentation will examine the ways these attacks differ from nation-state sponsored cyberattacks in both quality and quantity. Attendees will gain an appreciation for trends in ideologically-motivated attacks, their frequency and quality relative to traditional attacks, and leave with potential strategies to secure their operational environments from these threats.